Marxist Theory

This section deals with the major aspects of Marxist theory: dialectical materialism, historical materialism, Marxist economics, the class nature of the USSR, the colonial revolution, and more.

Special sections are dedicated to:

Philosophy | Marxist Classics | Educate yourself | Historical Analysis | Economic Analysis | Globalisation



Marxist International Review – new series out now! Print E-mail
By Socialist Appeal   
Tuesday, 02 September 2008
Socialist Appeal is pleased to announce the publication of the first in the new series run of our journal of Marxist theory, the Marxist International Review. The main part of the Summer 2008 issue comprises the first two chapters of Alan Woods' unpublished book on the history of philosophy. Also included is Leon Trotsky's short but ever relevant article, Against the stream.
 
World Perspectives 2008 draft - Part Two Print E-mail
By In Defence of Marxism   
Tuesday, 12 February 2008
An analysis of the growing political and social turbulence in Europe, the United States, Latin America with an emphasis on Venezuela, the Middle East and Asia with particular emphasis on the explosive situation in Pakistan and ends with an appeal to help build the International Marxist Tendency in all countries. At this stage it is a discussion document.
 
World Perspectives 2008 draft - Part One Print E-mail
By In Defence of Marxism   
Wednesday, 06 February 2008
This is the first part of a draft document on World Perspectives as approved at the recent meeting of the leadership of the International Marxist Tendency. At this stage it is a discussion document.
 
What kind of demands should the Italian Marxists be raising inside Rifondazione Comunista? Print E-mail
By In Defence of Marxism   
Friday, 30 March 2007
At the last congress of Rifondazione Comunista (2005) the Italian Marxists of FalceMartello presented their own national document. A comrade sent a letter questioning the kind of transitional demands presented. Here we publish the letter with a reply from the Italian Marxists, an interesting debate on what kind of demands should be raised at each turn of events.
 
Preface to the new edition of Engels’ Dialectics of Nature Print E-mail
By Rob Sewell   
Wednesday, 24 January 2007
Preface to the new edition of Engels’ Dialectics of NatureAs advertised recently, Wellred Books have just republished that classical work of Engels Dialectics of Nature. Here we publish the Preface to the book, in which Rob Sewell outlines some of the most advanced discoveries in scientific study that confirm that dialectics is nothing more than the philosophical expression of the way nature works. Matter, science and society evolve, in which revolution is a natural and essential element.
 
Wellred republishes Dialectics of Nature Print E-mail
By Wellred Publications - wellred.marxist.com   
Monday, 08 January 2007
Wellred republishes Dialectics of NatureWellred is proud to announce the republication of the 'Dialectics of Nature'. Ever since Engels' arrival in London in 1870, he was keen to write a comprehensive work on science and dialectical materialism. The notes and studies for such a work make up the present volume, originally published in 1925. It is an essential read for all those who want to develop a deeper understanding of Marxist philosophy. Wellred is offering the book for a special price of £9.99 (list price £14.99).
 
What the International Marxist Tendency really stands for - Reply to the Lambertists Print E-mail
By the editorial board of Marxist.com   
Monday, 06 November 2006
The ideas of the International Marxist Tendency are very clear. We stand for the genuine ideas of Marxism and base ourselves on the works of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Trotsky. You may agree or disagree with these ideas. Occasionally however, we encounter opponents who are prepared to go to incredible lengths to distort and falsify what we stand for. Just such a case came up earlier this year when the French language journal, La Vérité, published by the Lambertist group launched a vicious and dishonest attack on our positions. Here we explain what we really stand for.
 
World revolution and the tasks of the Marxists – Part Five Print E-mail
By International Marxist Tendency   
Friday, 29 September 2006
In the final part of the document we look at the lessons of Haiti and the threats to the Cuban revolution. The only way of defending it is through an all-Latin American revolution. We also look at indigenous movements, the effects of the free trade agreements and conclude by emphasising the new period we have entered. A new revolutionary wave is spreading across the globe.
 
World revolution and the tasks of the Marxists – Part Four Print E-mail
By International Marxist Tendency   
Wednesday, 27 September 2006
Part Four is dedicated to the revolutionary events taking place in Venezuela, still the key to the Latin American revolution. A conflict is unfolding within the Bolivarian movement between the revolutionary wing and the reformist. Unless the revolution is carried through to the end the forces of reaction can make a comeback. The opportunity is there to complete the revolution. It must be taken in the coming period.
 
World revolution and the tasks of the Marxists – Part Three Print E-mail
By International Marxist Tendency   
Thursday, 21 September 2006
In Part Three we look at how the crisis of capitalism expresses itself also as a crisis of the ruling class and then we look at Latin America, the continent where this crisis is most acute with revolutionary developments erupting in one country after another. Venezuela will be dealt with in Part Four.
 
World revolution and the tasks of the Marxists – Part Two Print E-mail
By International Marxist Tendency   
Tuesday, 19 September 2006
Here we look at the situation in Europe, where a revival of the class struggle is clearly taking place, the contradictory process in world relations, the impasse facing the underdeveloped countries, with a particular emphasis on the situation in occupied Iraq, in Iran and in Palestine and Israel.
 
World revolution and the tasks of the Marxists - Part One Print E-mail
By International Marxist Tendency   
Friday, 15 September 2006
Without correct perspectives it is impossible to conduct fruitful revolutionary work. This document makes the case that we have entered the most turbulent period in world history. One shock after another is shaking the system to its foundations. The world situation is characterised by extreme instability, which is a reflection of the impasse of the capitalist system on a world scale.
 
Socialism: what it is – what it is not Print E-mail
By Ann Robertson in San Francisco   
Monday, 28 August 2006
In a socialist society, workers will be in a position to decide which kind of investments are required to promote the social well-being of the majority; for example, quality education, housing, public transportation, health care, cleaning up the environment, developing solar energy, organic farming, etc.
 
Ted Grant recalls the impact of Trotsky's death Print E-mail
By Ted Grant   
Friday, 18 August 2006
Ted Grant remembers the day the news of Trotsky's murder came over the radio as he lay in bed in hospital. First published in Militant 17 August 1990
 
Ted Grant on Trotsky's relevance today Print E-mail
By Ted Grant   
Friday, 18 August 2006
Sunday August 20th is the 66th anniversary of Trotsky's assassination by a Stalinist agent. On this occasion we republish Ted Grant's text Trotsky's Relevance Today, written in 1990.
 
A Better World Is Possible With Socialism Print E-mail
By Ann Robertson in San Francisco   
Wednesday, 09 August 2006
Ann Robertson in this article originally published in 2002 takes up the arguments often used by reactionaries to present a caricature of what socialism really is. Stalinism is often invoked as if that were genuine socialism. Ann explains what socialism really is.
 
Marxism and Anarchism: The Philosophical Roots of the Marx-Bakunin Conflict – Part Two Print E-mail
By Ann Robertson   
Tuesday, 13 June 2006
With Marx's and Bakunin's divergent philosophical frameworks at least partially clarified, it becomes clearer why their political differences could not be resolved. Their respective political programs were tied to conflicting philosophical principles so that they were at times being pulled in diametrically opposed directions.
 
Marxism and Anarchism: The Philosophical Roots of the Marx-Bakunin Conflict – Part One Print E-mail
By Ann Robertson   
Friday, 09 June 2006
Many superficial explanations have been given for the conflict between Marx and Bakunin, between Marxism and Anarchism. Some commentators have resorted to personality flaws to account for the conflict. A more promising line of explanation of their intractable differences, however, lies in an investigation into the profoundly divergent philosophical frameworks that served as the points of departure for their respective political analyses. As will be shown below, their foundational concepts are so incompatible that even their points of agreement are rendered more illusory than substantive.
 
The reawakening of the world working class and the tasks faced by Marxists - Part Five Print E-mail
By Alan Woods   
Tuesday, 07 March 2006
In his concluding remarks Alan Woods stresses that we have entered a new period, one in which the working class is moving in all corners of the globe. After the defeats of the past a new generation of working class fighters is coming onto the scene of history, a generation that has no alternative but to fight. We are faced with a new revolutionary perspective, a new period that will unfold over some time. We must grasp the opportunity to build the forces of revolutionary Marxism in all countries.
 
The reawakening of the world working class and the tasks faced by Marxists - Part Four Print E-mail
By Alan Woods   
Thursday, 02 March 2006
Alan Woods continues his analysis of events in the rest of Latin America, in particular, the situation in Mexico where Lopez Obrador is seen as a threat to the interests of US imperialism, Argentina and the victory of Evo Morales in Bolivia and what this means. He also stresses the need to defend the Cuban Revolution, but the only way to do this is by spreading the revolution to the rest of Latin America and beyond and returning to the ideas of Lenin and Trotsky.
 
The reawakening of the world working class and the tasks faced by Marxists - Part Three Print E-mail
By Alan Woods   
Friday, 24 February 2006
Here Alan Woods looks at the conflicts between Russia and China on the one side and US imperialism on the other in areas such as Central Asia, the crisis of leadership of the ruling class, the revolutionary wave sweeping across Latin America and the particular role of Chavez who is faced with the stark alternative of either capitulating to the oligarchy and imperialism or continuing along the road he has followed so far and end up putting an end to capitalism.
 
The reawakening of the world working class and the tasks faced by Marxists - Part Two Print E-mail
By Alan Woods   
Friday, 17 February 2006
In Part Two of his speech Alan Woods looks at the growing protectionist tendencies, especially in the light of the emergence of China as a major world economic power, the long-term decline of Europe, the disaster of Iraq and the growing turmoil in the Middle East.
 
The reawakening of the world working class and the tasks faced by Marxists - Part One Print E-mail
By Alan Woods   
Thursday, 16 February 2006
In January at a meeting of the International Committee of the International Marxist Tendency Alan Woods gave a lead off on World Perspectives, in which he analysed the unfolding class struggle on an international scale, laying special emphasis on the events taking place in Latin America. After a long period of relative lull in the class struggle workers everywhere have started to move once more. The task is to provide this movement with the necessary revolutionary leadership. The present text – in five parts – is based on Alan Woods’ speech. In Part One of his speech he deals with the method of Marxism, the relationship of the economic cycle to the class struggle and the state of the US economy.
 
New Indian edition of Trotsky's Revolution Betrayed Print E-mail
By In Defence of Marxism   
Thursday, 19 January 2006
A new Indian edition of Trotsky’s Revolution Betrayed has just come out, published by Aakar Books and will be available at the Delhi (January 27) and Kolkata (January 25) book fairs.
 
Revolution and the Struggle for Workers' Control Print E-mail
By Rob Sewell   
Friday, 23 December 2005
There are many indicators that show that Venezuela is in the vanguard of the class struggle internationally, one of them is the phenomenon of occupied factories run under workers' control. Throughout history it has always been the case that workers' control has been raised as a demand during periods of intense class struggle, but workers' control under capitalism can either move forward towards the complete expropriation of the capitalists or it slips back and can be reabsorbed into less threatening forms of workers' “participation” and so on.
 
The Decisive Role of the Individual in History Print E-mail
By Rob Sewell   
Friday, 09 December 2005
There are many bourgeois historians who believe that history is made by “Great Men and Women”, kings and queens, statesmen and politicians. It is this unscientific approach that Marxism is opposed to. However, Marxists do not deny the role of individuals in history. History is made by people. But we need to uncover the dialectical relationship between the individual (the subjective) and the great forces (objective) that govern the movement of society and see this role in its historical context.
 
New Indian edition of Trotsky’s Fascism - what it is and how to fight it Print E-mail
By In Defence of Marxism   
Wednesday, 02 November 2005
Aakar Books in Delhi, India, have recently published a new edition of Fascism - what it is and how to fight it with a new introduction by Anindee Banerjee and Saurobijay Sarkar.
 
New Indian edition of Trotsky’s Permanent Revolution Print E-mail
By In Defence of Marxism   
Friday, 30 September 2005
Aakar Books in Delhi, India, have recently published a new edition of The Permanent Revolution. Here we provide the details and a picture of the cover.
 
Socialism or Barbarism Print E-mail
By Rob Sewell   
Friday, 16 September 2005
More than a decade ago, with the collapse of the Berlin Wall, the strategists of Capital launched an unprecedented ideological offensive against socialism and Marxism. For them, capitalism had won. But while the forces of socialism were isolated in this period, the ground was being prepared for a titanic shift to the left. We are witnessing this now all over the world.
 
Women and Revolution - On International Working Women's Day 2005 Print E-mail
By Miriam Martin in Vancouver   
Tuesday, 08 March 2005
Mainstream feminism has attempted to reduce March 8th to a vague and depoliticised celebration of the female sex as a homogenous group, but to socialists and working class women the world over, it is a day for mobilizing, a day of class struggle. It was in fact first launched by Clara Zetkin at the second International Conference of Women Socialists, held in Copenhagen in 1910, with the aim of mobilizing women for the struggle against bourgeois domination.
 
Marxist International Review No.3 Out! Print E-mail
By Marxist International Review   
Wednesday, 02 March 2005
The new MIR is now out and contains unpublished material on the history of the Revolutionary Communist Party. The MIR also contains articles on the Marxist view of history, Marxists and Religion and Ted Grant’s article The character of the European Revolution.
 
New publication from Wellred: Not Guilty – Dewey Commission Report (1937) Print E-mail
By In Defence of Marxism   
Tuesday, 21 December 2004
Wellred Publications is publishing this book which contains a detailed refutation of the charges made against Leon Trotsky at the infamous Moscow Trials. Not Guilty also contains a new preface by Pierre Broué. Readers of In Defence of Marxism have the opportunity to purchase this book at a pre-publication price of £10 (list price: £14.99).
 
In Defence of Marxism - Reply to Israel Shamir – Part One Print E-mail
By Alan Woods   
Wednesday, 20 October 2004
An article by Israel Shamir, La saga de Woods, appeared on October 15, on the Spanish language web site Rebelión. Shamir brings out all his Stalinist venom against genuine Marxism – i.e. Trotskyism – but he also adds some of his own novel ideas. Alan Woods, basing himself on the classical writings of Marx, Engels and in particular Lenin, shows how Stalinism and Marxism are opposites. In Part One he deals mainly with the question of ‘Socialism In One Country’, stressing that this represented the narrow nationalist outlook of the bureaucracy and was in total contradiction with the internationalism of Lenin.
 
In Defence of Marxism - Reply to Israel Shamir – Part Two Print E-mail
By Alan Woods   
Wednesday, 20 October 2004
In the second part, Alan Woods explains that far from playing a revolutionary role, the ideas of Stalinism were disastrous for the world Communist movement. They led to the defeat of the 1926 Chinese Revolution. Stalinism was also steeped in racism and nationalism, an example of which was the terrible treatment of the Jews in Russia. The “two stages” theory led to a series of disasters in the colonial revolution, and the official Communists in Cuba, instead of backing Castro actually supported the Batista regime, all in the name of supporting some imaginary progressive national bourgeoisie. Today, these same ideas, if followed in Venezuela, risk the derailment of the revolution. Israel Shamir understands none of this.
 
In Defence of Marxism - Reply to Israel Shamir – Part Three Print E-mail
By Alan Woods   
Wednesday, 20 October 2004
Shamir claims Stalin was not an anti-Semite, but all historical evidence proves the opposite. He also reveals a classical Stalinist approach to the Russia of today. He seems to have no problem with the return of capitalism to Russia. All he is worried about is the interference of “foreign” capitalists. If his nationalist approach were applied to Cuba and Venezuela this would spell disaster for the revolution in both countries. Alan Woods ends his three part article by appealing for a return to the traditions of genuine Bolshevism and not that of the Stalin school of falsification.
 
Marxism and Psychoanalysis - Notes on Wilhelm Reich's Life and Works Print E-mail
By Alessandro D'Aloia   
Friday, 15 October 2004
For a long period in his life Wilhelm Reich considered himself a Marxist. He applied the scientific method of Marxism to his research into Psychoanalysis and this led him to break with many of the theories of Freud. At one stage he came close to Trotsky, but then drifted away. Under intense persecution he eventually broke with Marxism and even revised some of his earlier brilliant insights. Alessandro D'Aloia looks at the rise and fall of Reich.
 
Noam Chomsky and Marxism: On the roots of modern "authoritarianism"  Part One Print E-mail
By Heiko Khoo   
Friday, 15 October 2004
Whilst one does not find in Noam Chomsky any specific critique of Marx’s writings (he admits he is not a Marx “scholar”), there are a number of inferences that Marxism represents an authoritarian tradition, although this is qualified by regular references to a supposed “left libertarian tradition”. Heiko Khoo looks at some of the ideas of Chomsky, showing how he misrepresents – or doesn’t even understand – genuine Marxism.
 
Noam Chomsky and Marxism: On the roots of modern "authoritarianism"  Part Two Print E-mail
By Heiko Khoo   
Friday, 15 October 2004
Heiko Khoo continues his analysis of Chomsky’s writings on Marxism. Chomsky reveals no real understanding of the Russian Revolution and its later degeneration. For him Lenin and Stalin, in the end, are the same, or at least one prepared the ground for the other. He prefers movements such as that of the Spanish Anarchists, but again he ignores what they actually did in practice.
 
New Marxist theoretical magazine: Marxist International Review Print E-mail
By In Defence of Marxism   
Thursday, 23 September 2004
We are proud to announce the launch of a new Marxist theoretical magazine, the Marxist International Review. This will appear every two months, contain a full 60 pages of analysis, and deal with a wide range of subjects. In particular, we will call upon the rich theoretical material produced by In Defence of Marxism but largely unavailable to those without internet access.
 
The Celia Hart Controversy - Stalinism or Leninism? Part One Print E-mail
By Alan Woods   
Wednesday, 01 September 2004
Marxist.com recently published an article by Celia Hart in Havana. It has a very great significance, because the author, who is the daughter of two well-known leaders of the Cuban Revolution, calls for a discussion about Trotsky’s role and ideas. It immediately caused a controversy on an international scale. One of those who attacked Celia was a certain Israel Shamir, who raked up all the old Stalinist myths about the great role of Stalin. Alan Woods comments.
 
The Celia Hart Controversy - Stalinism or Leninism? Part Two Print E-mail
By Alan Woods   
Wednesday, 01 September 2004
In Part Two of this article we deal with the statements of G. Zyuganov published in Rebelion under the title Stalin y el Partido Comunista Ruso hoy (Stalin and the Russian Communist Party today). Zyuganov attempts to revive the authority of Stalin. Alan Woods sets the record straight.
 
The Celia Hart Controversy - Stalinism or Leninism? Part Three Print E-mail
By Alan Woods   
Wednesday, 01 September 2004
In Part Two we concluded with how easily the old Soviet bureaucracy accepted the passage to capitalism. Comrade Zyuganov sings the praises of the Stalinist bureaucracy in the economic field. But contrary to what comrade Zyuganov would like us to believe the Stalinist bureaucracy, and Stalin himself, were actually preparing the conditions which would eventually lead to the collapse of the state-owned planned economy.
 
"The most turbulent time in recent history" - Part Two Print E-mail
By Alan Woods   
Saturday, 28 August 2004
“What we are discussing here is the world revolution. Globalisation manifests itself now as a global crisis of capitalism. That is the inner meaning of these shocks and crises and wars, which are already beginning to shape the psychology of the new generation of fighters.” Second part of Alan Woods’ speech at the August 2004 international gathering of the international revolutionary Marxist tendency.
 
"The most turbulent time in recent history" - Part One Print E-mail
By Alan Woods   
Friday, 27 August 2004
A speech given by Alan Woods at the August 2004 international gathering of the international revolutionary Marxist tendency, in which he outlines the general lines of development of the crisis of capitalism today and the effects this is having on the class struggle internationally. The capitalists have no solution to the crisis of their system, therefore in the long run revolution is the only way out.
 
The molecular process of World Revolution - Part One Print E-mail
By In Defence of Marxism   
Wednesday, 18 August 2004
The present document updates the analysis of the Marxist tendency on the world situation in the light of the latest developments. Part One deals mainly with the world economy, with particular attention being paid to the position of the USA and the growing power of China. Parts Two, Three, Four and Five will deal with the European Union, world relations, Iraq and the Middle East, the South Asian subcontinent, Latin America and the effects all this is having on the consciousness of the masses and the mass organisations of the working class.
 
The molecular process of World Revolution - Part Two Print E-mail
By In Defence of Marxism   
Wednesday, 18 August 2004
In Part Two we deal with the growing contradictions within the European Union, products of the crisis of capitalism which is pushing the various member states in different directions. It also looks into the polarisation between rich and poor worldwide and how world relations are affected.
 
The molecular process of World Revolution – Part Three Print E-mail
By In Defence of Marxism   
Wednesday, 18 August 2004
Here we look at the situation as it is developing in Iraq and the difficulties of US imperialism in holding the country, the Middle East and the conflicts between US imperialism and the European Union in this region, the impasse in Afghanistan, the revolutionary potential of the Indian proletariat and the developments in Pakistan where the Marxist tendency has started to develop in a serious manner.
 
The molecular process of World Revolution – Part Four Print E-mail
By In Defence of Marxism   
Wednesday, 18 August 2004
Latin America is in the vanguard of the process of world revolution. In Venezuela, where the masses have defeated reaction three times, the revolution is at a crossroads. The Cuban revolution is threatened and can only survive by spreading to the rest of Latin America, starting with Venezuela, but also moving on to countries such as Peru and Ecuador, and linking up with the Bolivian revolution, also at quite an advcanced stage.
 
The molecular process of World Revolution – Part Five Print E-mail
By In Defence of Marxism   
Wednesday, 18 August 2004
In this final part we look at the effects of changes in the economic environment on the consciousness of the masses and on the mass organisations of the working class. These effects do not take place automatically, but only with a delay. Human consciousness tends to lag behind events. But every day the masses are learning painful lessons, for the new situation does not allow the ruling class the luxury of serious reforms and concessions.
 
Workers' control or workers' participation? Print E-mail
By Ted Grant   
Wednesday, 14 July 2004
Originally published in 1974 in a period when there was a discussion on the question of workers’ control and what it meant. The right-wing leaders in the British labour movement (and internationally) interpreted it as “workers’ participation”, which meant the workers would be consulted on minor questions, but real control remained in the hands of the bosses. Today, thirty years later, this article maintains all its validity, in explaining the real Marxist approach to this question.
 
No Handouts to Bosses - Nationalise Chrysler Print E-mail
By Ted Grant   
Wednesday, 07 July 2004
Originally published in 1975, this article was an answer to Chrysler’s plans to sack thousands of workers in Britain. We are publishing it together with our article on workers' participation or workers' control as it posed clearly the demand for nationalisation under workers’ control and management.